Analysis Of Hills Like White Elephants - 1911 Words

C2C Eric J Holm 10 Dec 2015 Dr. Van Nort Final Essay: â€Å"Hills Like White Elephants† Jig’s Abortion through the Historical and Textual Lens â€Å"I know you wouldn’t mind it, Jig. It’s really not anything. It’s just to let the air in† (Hemingway 213). In Ernest Hemingway’s â€Å"Hills Like White Elephants,† an abortion is debated through subtleties, similes, and symbols. The abortion is never explicitly mentioned, but instead Hemingway leaves the reader to conclude what this â€Å"simple operation† really is (213). With no decisive decision on the termination of the pregnancy revealed at the conclusion of the story, the reader is left to conjecture what decision, if any, Jig settled upon. Many critics are resolute in their reasoning that Jig would have the abortion performed, but a smaller population believes Jig decided to forgo the procedure. Through examination of the history of abortion as well as Hemingway’s personal history, his sympathy and respect towards women in â€Å"Hills Like White Elephants † and other writings, and textual analysis of symbols and word choice, it is evident that Jig resolves not to have the abortion. Abortion has been long been a subject of legal and moral controversy. Today, abortion is legal in 75% on the world and no less controversial (â€Å"Abortion Laws Worldwide†). In 1927, however, when â€Å"Hills Like White Elephants† was published, abortion was much more restricted. In the United States â€Å"nearly every state had antiabortion laws† by 1910 (Doan 51). Overseas,Show MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Hills Like White Elephants 1517 Words   |  7 PagesPaul 5 December 2015 Female Disempowerment in â€Å"Hills Like White Elephants† In the story â€Å"Hills Like White Elephants,† Ernest Hemingway uses his in-depth ability of foreshadowing to provide the reader with little information on the stories background or future events to come. At first glance, the discussion that takes place in story seems like a minor argument between a couple at a train station in Spain. However, upon deeper analysis, this piece takes a stab at one of the touchiestRead MoreHills Like White Elephants Analysis1803 Words   |  8 PagesSubject The text â€Å"Letting the air into a relationship: Metaphorical Abortion in ‘Hills Like White Elephants† by Wyche David aims at analyzing and synthesizing the short story by Hemingway â€Å"Hills like White†. The analysis would provide new knowledge to readers of the short story or provide the readers with a new point of view of analyzing it. The subject of the text is to present his ideas on the short story and well as critique other critics who had previously critiqued it. The story illustratesRead More Analysis of Hills Like White Elephants Essay1049 Words   |  5 PagesAnalysis of Hills Like White Elephants â€Å"Hills Like White Elephants†, by Ernest Hemingway, is a short story published in 1927 that takes place in a train station in Spain with a man and a woman discussing an operation. Most of the story is simply dialogue between the two characters, the American and Jig. This couple is at a critical point in their lives when they must decide whether or not to have an abortion. Certain themes arise from this story such as choices and consequences, doubtRead MoreStory Analysis of Hills Like White Elephants723 Words   |  3 PagesHills Like White Elephants Erich Auerbach wrote Mimesis in 1953 and used his theories about foreground and background to help in his analysis and understanding of the story of Odysseus. His analysis is appropriate for this one story but can also be applied to other stories wherein the truth of the tale is not expressed directly (Auerbach 3). Authors can instill additional meaning through the text by the tone that is set and the way dialogue is written. Background and foreground in this contextRead MoreCritical Analysis of Hills Like White Elephants923 Words   |  4 PagesMikhail Shimonov Professor Kaufman March 28, 2011 Critical Analysis of Hills like White Elephants At first glance, Hills like White Elephants by Ernest Hemingway, may allude to many interpretations, however, the short story has a clear purpose. Set in the Ebro River valley in Spain, the story looms around the issue brought forth by Jig and the American, who is nameless throughout the whole story. The issue here being the ‘simple operation’ that Jig is about to undergo which happens to be anRead MoreAnalysis Of Hills Like White Elephants 993 Words   |  4 PagesEnerest Hemingway’s short story titled Hills Like White Elephants, is a story that may seem as simple and plain as if not much is going on. However, the story is actually very intricate; the author was able to say a lot without using many words. The story is about a conversation between a man and girl who are waiting for a train in Spain. The couple are both distressed about how they should make a decision of whether to keep their baby, or terminate the pregnancy. Hemingway is able to say indirectlyR ead MoreFormalistic Analysis of Hills Like White Elephants825 Words   |  4 PagesIn an analysis of the story â€Å"Hills like white elephants† by Ernest Hemmingway, one is forced to take a deep look at the hidden meanings embedded in the story. Considering the point of view, the significance of the location and its relevance to the story, the structure of the text, the symbolic meaning of the two landscapes and the title of the story, the entrails of the story are exposed. Hemmingway’s story is written in an objective or dramatic point of view. The story is told primarily throughRead MoreHills Like White Elephants : A Critical Analysis1708 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"Hills Like White Elephants†: A Critical Analysis Introduction: One of the many themes in his stories for which Ernest Heming way is known, includes feminism. At Hemingway’s time feminism was known as a famous movement and it affected many important writers like Octavia Butler and Virginia Woolf. Hemingway was a literary icon of his time and he was influenced by the political, social and human rights movements of his time. He was also touched by the hopelessness of women and how their thinkingRead MoreHills Like White Elephants Analysis773 Words   |  4 Pagesthem. â€Å"Hills like White Elephants,† a novel by Ernest Hemingway demonstrates this everyday struggle perfectly. â€Å"Hills like White Elephants,† is a short story about a conversation between an American man and a woman as they wait at a train for a train to Madrid. The couple obligingly discuss whats implied to be an abortion that the man wants the girl to have however her decision on whether to go through with it could heavily impact the future of their relatio nship. In â€Å"Hills like White Elephants,† ErnestRead MoreAnalysis Of Hills Like White Elephants1435 Words   |  6 PagesMany who have read â€Å"Hills like White Elephants† can agree that it is a hard story to comprehend. The meaning is hidden and has to be deciphered. When I found out the meaning I was blown away. I had no clue the story was about abortion. There are many views on whether the girl wants to go through with it or if the â€Å"American man† is forcing her. There are many facts that point to the conclusion that the man is forcing the girl to commit abortion. The language, tone and the setting all point to this

First to Fight - 1840 Words

First to Fight! 1 1 Is First to Fight Really that Good of a Book†¦ Air War College 2 September 2009 By Michael E. Cordero LtCol USMC First to Fight! General Al Gray, the 29th Commandant of the Marine Corps (CMC) placed the book First to Fight (FtF) written by Lieutenant General (LtGen) Victor Krulak, on the first Service reading list established in 1988.2 General James Conway, the 34th and current CMC mandated in an All Marine (ALMAR) message 2 during May 2007 that all Devil Dogs would read the book FtF and discuss its importance and what it means to them.3 During September 2009, General Conway published another ALMAR that supported his Commanders who recommended retaining FtF as the CMC’s choice.4 Is this book really†¦show more content†¦It should be stressed to refer to this book by its full title--First to Fight: An Inside View of the United States Marine Corps- -when mentioning it for by not doing so could lead to allusions that LtGen Krulak meant this book to be a definitive history of the USMC, something it is truly not.12 What it is though is one person’s very insightful view on the major events that took place within the Corps during his years on active duty, especially those controversial events that he has intimate knowledge of to include President Truman’s and General Marshall’s attempts to do severely minimize the USMC roles in the future defense of America.13 It would have b een great if before he died last year (2008) if LtGen Krulak could have written a â€Å"Part 2† to update/include other important events that have taken place since the early 1980s, especially since his son was the CMC from 1995 to 1999 and the Marine Special Operations Command being created in 2006.14 Finally, three major takeaways that readers of this terrific book should realize are (A) the USMC and the USA can never afford to become complacent for doing so leads to disaster, (B) the USMC must always accomplish the mission and take care of the individual Marine or riskShow MoreRelatedFirst to Fight1449 Words   |  6 Pages1. TITLE: FIRST TO FIGHT 2. ADVANCE COURSE, SNCOA 3. AUTHOR: Victor H. Krulak Lieutenant General, USMC (Ret.) 4. PUBLISHER: U.S. Naval Institute 5. PUBLISHED: 1984 6. PAGES: 227 7. COST: Base Library 8. SUBJECT: This book is a combination of Krulak’s personal experience and opinion about the Marine Corps existence, mission, and history. 9. OPINION: I believe this book was written with compassion and commitment. It gives you a full ride about the history of our Corps as well as why weRead MoreFirst to Fight1099 Words   |  5 PagesFIRST TO FIGHT BOOK REPORT PFC WALTERS 1. TITLE: FIRST TO FIGHT 2. CBRN 1st Marine Division 3. AUTHOR: Victor H. Krulak Lieutenant General, USMC (Ret.) 4. PUBLISHER: U.S. Naval Institute 5. PUBLISHED: 1984 6. PAGES: 227 7. COST: Base Library 8. SUBJECT: First to Fight is about Lieutenant General Victor H. Krulak’s personal experiences in the Marine Corps, and his ideas and opinions on how he views the Marine Corps. 9. OPINION: I thought First to Fight was a good book thatRead MoreEssay First to Fight607 Words   |  3 PagesFirst to fight is a book by Lieutenant General Victor H. Krulak. This book talks about the history, truth, and reputation of the Marine Corps. In the book we would find out more about history dates, battles, and of people who have helped us with their extraordinary acts while called on duty. At first it talks about how the Marine Corps struggled to keep their existence, later on the Marines proved to them that they were way much better in combat and amphibious assaults than any other service. AsRead More Analysis of First To Fight Essay1113 Words   |  5 PagesFirst To Fight begins with Krulak engaged in a conversation with a Gunnery Sergeant who was asked how the Marine Corps got the reputation of having one of the world’s greatest fighting formations. The GySgt replies â€Å"Well lieutenant they started telling everybody how great they were and pretty soon they started believing it†. The story goes on to talk about how there nearly wasn’t a Marine Corps. starts out with Marine Lieutenant General Holland M. Smith on the bridge of the command ship Mt. OlympusRead MoreFirst Fight : The Birth Of The Army1665 Words   |  7 Pages FIRST TO FIGHT: THE BIRTH OF THE ARMY USAACE NCOA SSG Bryan J. Lowney 15Z SLC 17-003 SFC Maradol â€Æ' Americans have had a sense of freedom and independence since before there was a United States of America. Americans have always believed in their way of life; they have been fighting for their way of life since before their country existed. The battles of Lexington and Concord happened during April of 1775. These military engagements were accomplished by the Massachusetts State militia;Read MoreEssay on Book Review First to Fight712 Words   |  3 PagesFirst to Fight by Lieutenant General Victor H. Krulak is where the history, reputation, and truth about the United States Marine Corps meet. Within this 252-page book you will find a combination of historical fact, interesting background, and personal recollection from one of the men who helped shape what the Marines are today. The book is organized in seven different sections, each explaining a different facet of the Marine Corps. The first section explains in detail the struggle of the Marine CorpsRead More The First Amendm ent and the Fight Against God Essay1234 Words   |  5 PagesThe First Amendment and the Fight Against God On September 11, 2001, our nation experiences a terrible tragedy when four terrorist-controlled airplanes flew into the World Trade Center, the Pentagon, and a field in Pennsylvania. Over 3,000 people were killed, and thousands more were affected. In an effort to promote patriotism and unite the nation, citizens began displaying American flags, holding memorial services, and attending church. County High School also madeRead MoreA Fight For Independence : Analyzing The First Chechen War1906 Words   |  8 PagesJorit Pfleiderer PSCI 2223 Term Paper A Fight for Independence: Analyzing the First Chechen War The dissolution of the Soviet Union in the 1980s is one of the most important events of modern history. It led to the establishment of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS). Consisting of all former soviet republics including Russia, this organization of sovereign states had to elect new governments to take over the dissolved ones. The imminent end of communist rule resulted in the democratizationRead MoreBook Review: First To Fight by Victor H. Krulak644 Words   |  3 PagesBook Review: First To Fight by Victor H. Krulak The United States Marine Corps is a frequently misunderstood, occasionally maligned but more frequently mythologized division of the U.S. Armed Forces. Sometimes its role is perceived as overlapping the roles and responsibilities of its military counterparts such as the U.S. Army, the U.S. Navy and the U.S. Air Force. However, as the exhaustive text by Victor Krulak shows, it is far more often seen as enhancing, focusing and insuring the roles andRead More Bull Durham: To The True Meaning Of The First Fight Scene Essay1732 Words   |  7 Pages Bull Durham: To the True Meaning of The First Fight Scene nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The theme of this paper is to dissect the first fight scene; in the movie Bull Durham, between Crash Davis; who is played by Kevin Costner; and quot;Nukequot; LaLoosh; who is played by Tim Robbins. The fight takes place in a bar scene between these two men who have never met before. The reason for the fight is that Crash Davis is talking to a women by the name of Annie Savoy who is sitting at one of the tables

Thomas Hardy free essay sample

But it can be used as a way in to the study of Thomas | | | |Hardys poems generally. | | | |About Thomas Hardy | | | |Hardy lived from 1840 to 1928. He was the son of a mason, from Dorset, in the south west of England. He studied | | | |to be an architect, and worked in this profession for many years. He also began to write prose fiction. His first| | | |effort (The Poor Man and the Lady) was never published, but his second novel was published in 1871. This was | | | |Desperate Remedies. It was not well-received, but the next book, Under the Greenwood Tree (1872), did better. | | | |Hardy eventually published many novels these vary in merit but include many which are established as | | | |masterpieces of English fiction: Far from the Madding Crowd, The Return of the Native, The Mayor of Casterbridge,| | | |The Woodlanders, Tess of the dUrbervilles and Jude the Obscure. | | | |Back to top | | | |Hardy enjoyed ommercial success, but his work proved controversial, and his publishers continually tried to tone| | | |it down. We will write a custom essay sample on Thomas Hardy or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Critics savagely condemned his last two novels, Jude and Tess (as they are abbreviated for convenience). | | | |Hardy no longer needed to write prose fiction for a living the royalties from his existing work gave him more | | | |than enough security. He had always preferred poetry and believed that he was better as a writer in this form. | | | |He wrote verse throughout his life, but did not publish a volume until Wessex Poems and Other Verses (for which | | | |he did his own illustrations) appeared in 1898. Hardy certainly made up for lost time, eventually publishing six | | | |collections of verse as well as the huge poetic drama, The Dynasts, of which the first part appeared in 1904. | | | |Thomas Hardy was married twice his first marriage, long and mostly unhappy, was to Emma Gifford. They married | | | |in 1874. Emma died in 1912, and in 1914 Hardy married his secretary, Florence Dugdale, who later became his | | | |biographer. Hardy died in 1928, aged 87. He had asked to be laid beside Emma, but his body was buried in Poets | | | |Corner in Westminster Abbey. Only his heart was placed in Emmas grave or was it? There is a curious story that| | | |his housekeeper placed the heart on the kitchen table, where his sisters cat seized it, and ran off into the | | | |nearby woods. In this version of events, a pigs heart was duly buried beside Emma. | | | |Back to top | | | |[pic] | | | |War poems | | | |Hardy wrote poems at the times of the second Boer War of 1899-1902 and the Great War of 1914-1918. Some poems | | | |obviously reflect these particular conflicts (Drummer Hodge and Channel Firing, for example). But others, though | | | |written at the time, have a more general relevance such as The Man He Killed and In Time of â€Å"The Breaking of | | | |Nations†. This is not accidental Hardy explicitly tried to relate specific historical conflicts to a wider | | | |historical scheme. He attempted to do this in a grand or epic poetic drama of the Napoleonic Wars The Dynasts | | | |(which has three parts, nineteen acts and one hundred and thirty scenes). In this he also relates the great | | | |moments of history to the lives of ordinary people. | | | |Hardys war poems show a great diversity of attitude. We cannot, on their evidence alone, identify a clear-cut | | | |opinion of war to which Hardy keeps consistently. Channel Firing presents a horribly pessimistic view of mans | | | |bellicose stupidity. In Time of â€Å"The Breaking of Nations† is triumphantly optimistic in asserting the fact that | | | |the good things of everyday life will survive when wars are long forgotten. | | | |Back to top | | | |The Going of the Battery captures the sadness (for those left behind) that war brings, but no criticism of war is| | | |stated or implied. The reference to â€Å"Honour† in the fourth stanza suggests that the soldiers cause is worth | | | |fighting for. | | | |In Drummer Hodge, while he shows the tragedy and waste of war, and perhaps implies that Hodges sacrifice is | | | |rendered futile by his ignorance of the land over which he is fighting, yet Hardy makes no explicit criticism of | | | |war. | | | |In The Man He Killed, on the other hand, Hardys skilful device of the narrators vain attempt to justify his | | | |action is an obvious indictment of war, as it is clear that he has no reason to kill his â€Å"foe†. | | |Back to top | | | |The Going of the Battery | | | |Stanza 1 | stanza 2 | stanza 3 | stanza 4 | stanza 5 | stanza 6 | stanza 7 | discussing the poem | | | |This poem is about what happens when a group of soldiers and their field guns leave for service overseas. The | | | |guns collectively are the â€Å"battery† of the title, though this noun normally includes also the men who operate | | | |them an artillery company.

Pragmatic ethics

Pragmatic ethics is an emerging field of ethics that perceives ethics as science, which consists of both theory and practice. Proponents of pragmatic ethics argue that, ethical theory and moral practice are integral components of ethics in that, either of them cannot give a satisfactory definition of morality in society.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Pragmatic ethics specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More From a pragmatist’s point of view, ethics require logical thinking and empirical actions for one to comprehend the nature of ethics fully in a complex society, where actions can hardly fall into two categories viz. right or wrong. Serra (2010) argues that, moral inquiry needs deliberation that involves analysis and weighing up principles, beliefs, and arguments relative to reality (p.101). Therefore, in this light, pragmatic ethics are not conventional, but vary from one society to another or one organiz ation to another due to differing circumstances. Pragmatic ethics manifests itself in habits that influence human, organizational, or societal behaviour; hence, it best elucidates varied ethics that people apply on various circumstances of life. The case study of Mount Isa shows how the government, city council and Xstrata Company are employing pragmatic ethics in their defence against accusations of polluting the environment. Even though several families are suing the government, council and Xstrata for allowing lead dust from Mount Isa mines to pollute their homes, waterways and gardens, which resulted into high levels of lead in blood of their children, they have not put appropriate measures to control pollution. Nyberg (2008) debates that; pragmatic ethics require contextualization of actions coupled with, and linking, the actions to ethics according to circumstances that they occur (p.589). In the case study, Xstrata together with the government and council are treating lead po llution as a unique occurrence that only needs exceptional interventions from within Xstrata. The government, council, and Xstrata are attributing the lead pollution to outcrops of rocks that occur in Mount Isa. Consequently, these bodies advice the community to live safely with lead in spite of the external pressures from Queensland’s Department of Health and Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), which requires regulation of lead pollution because it affects physical and intellectual development of children.Advertising Looking for case study on ethics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Virtue Ethics Virtue ethics focus on exceptional deeds that elevate wellbeing of people in society or an organization. According to virtue theory of ethics, virtuous person will act virtuously to benefit all people because virtue is a motivational force of actions. Since habits form the basis of ethics, virtue ethics depend on day-to-day activities that people do, in that spontaneous decisions spring from attributes of virtues in a person. Nyberg (2008) argues that virtue is innate attribute of a human being that comes spontaneously without application of ethical principles (p.589). Therefore, virtue ethics guide people in their daily activities making them act virtuously for the benefit of others and the entire society. In circumstances where moral rules and virtue conflict, virtue ethics takes precedence because they are flexible and applicable in complex situations. Usually, virtuous people employ virtue ethics when formulating ethical rules that are fundamental to making decisions and regulating actions. From virtue point of view, Mount Isa mining is unfortunate because it poses serious health threat to a large number of individuals of about 23,000. Queensland Department of Health and EPA did protest that lead pollution is occurring because of negligence by concerned authorities. Compelled by virtues, EPA manage r resigned and accused the government of negligence as Sonenshein (2005) contends that, organizational members can effectively criticize their organization after stepping outside (p.478). The government, council, and Xstrata do not care about the effects of mining lead on population, especially children as it causes physical and intellectual impairment. According to Audi (2009), virtue motivates people to aim at the right things by using right means to achieve desired ends (p.9). However, the government and the council have given Xstrata powers to regulate its own pollution making it release a large amount of emissions that tripled the amount recommended under national environmental regulations. Thus, Xstrata did not employ virtue ethics in its mining process relative to health concern of Mount Isa’s residents.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Pragmatic ethics specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Egalitar ian Approach Egalitarian approach to ethics requires that people should receive equal treatment in society despite their different social, economic and cultural backgrounds. According to Moss (2009), egalitarianism enhances equality in society by promoting fair procedures of employment, business, and acquisition of resources (p.7). People are continuously struggling in life to improve their economic and social status; thus, egalitarianism seeks to provide a level ground where each person has equal access to opportunities that are essential in improving wellbeing. Therefore, if people require equality to prevail in society in various aspects such as social, health, economic, and political, they should utilize egalitarian ethics. Sonenshein (2005) asserts that, organizational members create moral standards that are applicable across an organization as a way of promoting equality (p.476). Equality is a key factor that determines organizational ethics according to egalitarian perspectiv e. Therefore, it is moral for equality to prevail in society or organization. In the case study, several families have sued the government, council, and Xstrata for neglecting health concerns of Mount Isa’s population because the mining is emitting enormous amount of lead into the environment that pose a serious risk to human health. From the egalitarian perspective, Queensland Department of Health and the EPA are accusing Xstrata of not following international standards of ethics in controlling lead pollution. Study carried out shows that 10% of young children have high levels of lead in their blood, which is above 10mcg/dl, threshold limit recommended by World Health Organization (WHO). The health department and EPA hold that, Mount Isa’s population need equal treatment like other populations across the world because high levels of lead in the blood of children are deleterious to their health. Moss (2009) argues that, people need equal treatment because they have sam e worth and dignity (p.4). Thus, Mount Isa’s population requires similar health concerns as other population across the world. Deontological Approach Deontological ethics holds that morality is an inherent attribute of an action rather than its consequences. Since humans act according to certain principles and rules of life, deontological weigh whether those actions are compliant. Basing on deontological perspective of ethics, actions that strictly follow stipulated principles and rules are ethical while those that do not comply with any principle or rule are unethical.Advertising Looking for case study on ethics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More According to Nyberg (2008), deontological approach to ethics uses moral rules that reflect justice, rights, and duty in the analysis of an ethical nature of actions (p.587). Hence, deontological approach to ethics deals with nature of actions in contrast to consequential approach that examines outcomes of actions. Bowie (1999) asserts that, business that puts money first is immoral because it does not care about its customers (p.34). According to deontological approach to ethics, if a business is acting virtuously to achieve an unimpeachable reputation rather than for the sake of morality, it thus means that it is acting immorally. From deontological perspective, the government, council, and Xstrata are acting immorally in Mount Isa mining because their priority is to obtain money. Since Xstrata generates millions of dollars, the government and council derive vast amounts of revenues and royalties, and they have neglected health concerns at Mount Isa’s population because what matters to them is money. The government has given powers Xstrata to regulate its pollution, thus providing it with too much freedom to continue pollution homes, gardens and waterways with lead as it has tripled its emissions. Abdullah and Valentine (2009) contend that, inconsistency of human actions with rules and principles reflects deviation from ethics (p.5). In the case study, Xstrata did not comply with national environmental regulations because it emitted triple amount of emissions recommended. Moreover, the government has left Xstrata to control its emissions rather than to be under control of EPA. Instead of reducing its emissions, Xstrata advised the population on living safely with lead. Ethics of Duties Ethics of duty focuses on actions that people can do in a given circumstance. Ethics of duty rely on the premise that people who are in power have the moral responsibility of ensuring that, society or organizations perform actions, which are ethical to promote human welf are and growth of businesses. According to Crane and Matten (2010), corporate leaders have the ethical duty to act in promotion of ethics regarding contemporary issues such as globalization, citizenship and sustainability of resources (p.123). Ethics of duties emanate from decisions and orders that leaders issue when they face ethical challenges in the course of their businesses. Since ethical dilemmas are complex to resolve, Solomon (1993) reasons that, leaders need to tailor their decisions to varied circumstances because ethical principles vary from one place to another (p.358). Hence, ethics of duties enable people in leadership positions to act according to rules and principles to promote morality in society. In the case study, the government has failed to act according to its responsibility of ensuring that Mount Isa’s population receives essential protection from lead pollution. Likewise, the city council has neglected health issues associated with Mount Isa mining bec ause, in conjunction with the government and Xstrata, they have conspired to refute claims that lead pollution is responsible for increased levels of lead in blood among children. Solomon (1993) indicates that, negligence is a problem that many organizations are grappling with because it elicits ethical dilemmas that are difficult to handle (p.361). Millions of dollars that Xstrata is generating has blinded the council and government from responding appropriately to lead pollution by ensuring that there is compliance with national environmental regulations, as a way of protecting Isa’s population from lead pollution. The EPA and Queensland Department of Health have taken their responsibilities by showing the nature and extent of lead pollution in Mount Isa’s surroundings. References Abdullah, H., Valentine, B., 2009. Fundamental and Ethics Theories of Corporate Governance. Middle Eastern Finance and Economics, 4, pp.1-9. Audi, R., 2009. Virtue Ethics as a Resource in Business. Society for Business Ethics. pp.1-28. Bowie, N., 1999. Business Ethics: A Kantian Perspective. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers. Crane, A., Matten, D., 2010. Evaluating Business Ethics. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Moss, J., 2009. Egalitarianism and the Value of Equality. Journal of Ethics and Social  Philosophy, 6(4), pp.1-7. Nyberg, D., 2008. The Morality of Everyday Activities: Not the Right, But the Good Thing to Do. Journal of Business Ethics, 81(26), pp.587-598. Serra, J., 2010. What is and What Should Pragmatic Ethics Be? Some Remarks on Recent Scholarship. European Journal of Pragmatism and American Philosophy, 2(2), pp.100-112. Solomon, R., 1993. Business Ethics. In P. Singer (Ed.), A companion to ethics. (pp. 354-365). Oxford: Blackwell. Sonenshein, S., 2005. Business Ethics and Internal Social Criticism. Business Ethics  Quarterly, 15(3), pp.475-498. This case study on Pragmatic ethics was written and submitted by user Jerry Moore to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Pragmatic ethics

Pragmatic ethics is an emerging field of ethics that perceives ethics as science, which consists of both theory and practice. Proponents of pragmatic ethics argue that, ethical theory and moral practice are integral components of ethics in that, either of them cannot give a satisfactory definition of morality in society.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Pragmatic ethics specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More From a pragmatist’s point of view, ethics require logical thinking and empirical actions for one to comprehend the nature of ethics fully in a complex society, where actions can hardly fall into two categories viz. right or wrong. Serra (2010) argues that, moral inquiry needs deliberation that involves analysis and weighing up principles, beliefs, and arguments relative to reality (p.101). Therefore, in this light, pragmatic ethics are not conventional, but vary from one society to another or one organiz ation to another due to differing circumstances. Pragmatic ethics manifests itself in habits that influence human, organizational, or societal behaviour; hence, it best elucidates varied ethics that people apply on various circumstances of life. The case study of Mount Isa shows how the government, city council and Xstrata Company are employing pragmatic ethics in their defence against accusations of polluting the environment. Even though several families are suing the government, council and Xstrata for allowing lead dust from Mount Isa mines to pollute their homes, waterways and gardens, which resulted into high levels of lead in blood of their children, they have not put appropriate measures to control pollution. Nyberg (2008) debates that; pragmatic ethics require contextualization of actions coupled with, and linking, the actions to ethics according to circumstances that they occur (p.589). In the case study, Xstrata together with the government and council are treating lead po llution as a unique occurrence that only needs exceptional interventions from within Xstrata. The government, council, and Xstrata are attributing the lead pollution to outcrops of rocks that occur in Mount Isa. Consequently, these bodies advice the community to live safely with lead in spite of the external pressures from Queensland’s Department of Health and Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), which requires regulation of lead pollution because it affects physical and intellectual development of children.Advertising Looking for case study on ethics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Virtue Ethics Virtue ethics focus on exceptional deeds that elevate wellbeing of people in society or an organization. According to virtue theory of ethics, virtuous person will act virtuously to benefit all people because virtue is a motivational force of actions. Since habits form the basis of ethics, virtue ethics depend on day-to-day activities that people do, in that spontaneous decisions spring from attributes of virtues in a person. Nyberg (2008) argues that virtue is innate attribute of a human being that comes spontaneously without application of ethical principles (p.589). Therefore, virtue ethics guide people in their daily activities making them act virtuously for the benefit of others and the entire society. In circumstances where moral rules and virtue conflict, virtue ethics takes precedence because they are flexible and applicable in complex situations. Usually, virtuous people employ virtue ethics when formulating ethical rules that are fundamental to making decisions and regulating actions. From virtue point of view, Mount Isa mining is unfortunate because it poses serious health threat to a large number of individuals of about 23,000. Queensland Department of Health and EPA did protest that lead pollution is occurring because of negligence by concerned authorities. Compelled by virtues, EPA manage r resigned and accused the government of negligence as Sonenshein (2005) contends that, organizational members can effectively criticize their organization after stepping outside (p.478). The government, council, and Xstrata do not care about the effects of mining lead on population, especially children as it causes physical and intellectual impairment. According to Audi (2009), virtue motivates people to aim at the right things by using right means to achieve desired ends (p.9). However, the government and the council have given Xstrata powers to regulate its own pollution making it release a large amount of emissions that tripled the amount recommended under national environmental regulations. Thus, Xstrata did not employ virtue ethics in its mining process relative to health concern of Mount Isa’s residents.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Pragmatic ethics specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Egalitar ian Approach Egalitarian approach to ethics requires that people should receive equal treatment in society despite their different social, economic and cultural backgrounds. According to Moss (2009), egalitarianism enhances equality in society by promoting fair procedures of employment, business, and acquisition of resources (p.7). People are continuously struggling in life to improve their economic and social status; thus, egalitarianism seeks to provide a level ground where each person has equal access to opportunities that are essential in improving wellbeing. Therefore, if people require equality to prevail in society in various aspects such as social, health, economic, and political, they should utilize egalitarian ethics. Sonenshein (2005) asserts that, organizational members create moral standards that are applicable across an organization as a way of promoting equality (p.476). Equality is a key factor that determines organizational ethics according to egalitarian perspectiv e. Therefore, it is moral for equality to prevail in society or organization. In the case study, several families have sued the government, council, and Xstrata for neglecting health concerns of Mount Isa’s population because the mining is emitting enormous amount of lead into the environment that pose a serious risk to human health. From the egalitarian perspective, Queensland Department of Health and the EPA are accusing Xstrata of not following international standards of ethics in controlling lead pollution. Study carried out shows that 10% of young children have high levels of lead in their blood, which is above 10mcg/dl, threshold limit recommended by World Health Organization (WHO). The health department and EPA hold that, Mount Isa’s population need equal treatment like other populations across the world because high levels of lead in the blood of children are deleterious to their health. Moss (2009) argues that, people need equal treatment because they have sam e worth and dignity (p.4). Thus, Mount Isa’s population requires similar health concerns as other population across the world. Deontological Approach Deontological ethics holds that morality is an inherent attribute of an action rather than its consequences. Since humans act according to certain principles and rules of life, deontological weigh whether those actions are compliant. Basing on deontological perspective of ethics, actions that strictly follow stipulated principles and rules are ethical while those that do not comply with any principle or rule are unethical.Advertising Looking for case study on ethics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More According to Nyberg (2008), deontological approach to ethics uses moral rules that reflect justice, rights, and duty in the analysis of an ethical nature of actions (p.587). Hence, deontological approach to ethics deals with nature of actions in contrast to consequential approach that examines outcomes of actions. Bowie (1999) asserts that, business that puts money first is immoral because it does not care about its customers (p.34). According to deontological approach to ethics, if a business is acting virtuously to achieve an unimpeachable reputation rather than for the sake of morality, it thus means that it is acting immorally. From deontological perspective, the government, council, and Xstrata are acting immorally in Mount Isa mining because their priority is to obtain money. Since Xstrata generates millions of dollars, the government and council derive vast amounts of revenues and royalties, and they have neglected health concerns at Mount Isa’s population because what matters to them is money. The government has given powers Xstrata to regulate its pollution, thus providing it with too much freedom to continue pollution homes, gardens and waterways with lead as it has tripled its emissions. Abdullah and Valentine (2009) contend that, inconsistency of human actions with rules and principles reflects deviation from ethics (p.5). In the case study, Xstrata did not comply with national environmental regulations because it emitted triple amount of emissions recommended. Moreover, the government has left Xstrata to control its emissions rather than to be under control of EPA. Instead of reducing its emissions, Xstrata advised the population on living safely with lead. Ethics of Duties Ethics of duty focuses on actions that people can do in a given circumstance. Ethics of duty rely on the premise that people who are in power have the moral responsibility of ensuring that, society or organizations perform actions, which are ethical to promote human welf are and growth of businesses. According to Crane and Matten (2010), corporate leaders have the ethical duty to act in promotion of ethics regarding contemporary issues such as globalization, citizenship and sustainability of resources (p.123). Ethics of duties emanate from decisions and orders that leaders issue when they face ethical challenges in the course of their businesses. Since ethical dilemmas are complex to resolve, Solomon (1993) reasons that, leaders need to tailor their decisions to varied circumstances because ethical principles vary from one place to another (p.358). Hence, ethics of duties enable people in leadership positions to act according to rules and principles to promote morality in society. In the case study, the government has failed to act according to its responsibility of ensuring that Mount Isa’s population receives essential protection from lead pollution. Likewise, the city council has neglected health issues associated with Mount Isa mining bec ause, in conjunction with the government and Xstrata, they have conspired to refute claims that lead pollution is responsible for increased levels of lead in blood among children. Solomon (1993) indicates that, negligence is a problem that many organizations are grappling with because it elicits ethical dilemmas that are difficult to handle (p.361). Millions of dollars that Xstrata is generating has blinded the council and government from responding appropriately to lead pollution by ensuring that there is compliance with national environmental regulations, as a way of protecting Isa’s population from lead pollution. The EPA and Queensland Department of Health have taken their responsibilities by showing the nature and extent of lead pollution in Mount Isa’s surroundings. References Abdullah, H., Valentine, B., 2009. Fundamental and Ethics Theories of Corporate Governance. Middle Eastern Finance and Economics, 4, pp.1-9. Audi, R., 2009. Virtue Ethics as a Resource in Business. Society for Business Ethics. pp.1-28. Bowie, N., 1999. Business Ethics: A Kantian Perspective. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers. Crane, A., Matten, D., 2010. Evaluating Business Ethics. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Moss, J., 2009. Egalitarianism and the Value of Equality. Journal of Ethics and Social  Philosophy, 6(4), pp.1-7. Nyberg, D., 2008. The Morality of Everyday Activities: Not the Right, But the Good Thing to Do. Journal of Business Ethics, 81(26), pp.587-598. Serra, J., 2010. What is and What Should Pragmatic Ethics Be? Some Remarks on Recent Scholarship. European Journal of Pragmatism and American Philosophy, 2(2), pp.100-112. Solomon, R., 1993. Business Ethics. In P. Singer (Ed.), A companion to ethics. (pp. 354-365). Oxford: Blackwell. Sonenshein, S., 2005. Business Ethics and Internal Social Criticism. Business Ethics  Quarterly, 15(3), pp.475-498. This case study on Pragmatic ethics was written and submitted by user Jerry Moore to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.